The Effect of Fresh and Frozen Embryo Transfer on Maternal and Perinatal Results in Pregnancy by Assisted Reproductive Therapy

Tugce  Ciraci; Bilge  Kapudere; Arif Serhan Cevrioglu; Ozcan Budak; Mehmet Suhha Bostanci; Nermin Akdemir; Selcuk Ozden

doi:10.21613/GORM.2025.1473

The Effect of Fresh and Frozen Embryo Transfer on Maternal and Perinatal Results in Pregnancy by Assisted Reproductive Therapy

Authors

Tugce Ciraci Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kulu Public Hospital https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8422-4267
Bilge Kapudere Department of Perinatology, Bursa City Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-3161
Arif Serhan Cevrioglu Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-6519
Ozcan Budak Department of Histology and Embryology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-3175
Mehmet Suhha Bostanci Department of Obstetrics andGynecology Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-6244
Nermin Akdemir Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-2103
Selcuk Ozden Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-7227

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21613/GORM.2025.1473

Keywords:

Fresh embryo transfer, frozen embryo transfer, in-vitro fertilization, maternal outcomes, perinatal outcomes

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of different embryo transfer (ET) methods on maternal and perinatal outcomes in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies after fresh ET and frozen embryo transfer (FET).

STUDY DESIGN: The files of 1506 patients who underwent ET between April 2017 and March 2022 were scanned. 136 of 147 patients who gave live birth were included in the study, and two groups were formed according to fresh ET and FET. The groups were compared regarding maternal, fetal, and perinatal outcomes.

RESULTS: Fresh ET was performed in 45.3% of the patients, and FET was performed in 54.7%. In the fresh and frozen groups, the biochemical pregnancy positivity rates were 19.21% vs. 17.71%, and the live birth rates were 10.41% vs. 9.22%, respectively. Both were similar, and no significant difference was observed (p=0.457; p=0.721). There was no difference between the fresh ET and FET groups in terms of preterm birth, birth weight, and baby gender. The rate of babies with large gestational age (LGA) was higher in the FET group (p=0.038). Pregnancy-related hypertensive diseases were relatively higher in the FET group (p=0.097). The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization rate was higher in FET cases (p=0.022).

CONCLUSION: It was determined that the risks of pregnancy-related hypertensive diseases, LGA fetuses, and hospitalization in the NICU might be higher in pregnancies following FET after endometrial preparation with the hormonal method (HM) in IVF treatment compared to fresh ET pregnancies. Prospective, randomized, controlled research results are needed to evaluate the subject better

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Published

2025-04-28

How to Cite

Ciraci T, Kapudere B, Cevrioglu AS, Budak O, Bostanci MS, Akdemir N, Ozden S. The Effect of Fresh and Frozen Embryo Transfer on Maternal and Perinatal Results in Pregnancy by Assisted Reproductive Therapy. Gynecol Obstet Reprod Med [Internet]. 2025Apr.28 [cited 2026Apr.26];31(1):40-8. Available from: https://gorm.com.tr/index.php/GORM/article/view/1473

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Issue

Vol. 31 No. 1 (2025):

Section

Reproductive Medicine: Endocrinology and Infertility

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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